What does the term "energy balance" refer to in nutrition?

The term "energy balance" specifically refers to the relationship between calorie intake and calorie expenditure. It describes the state in which the number of calories consumed through food and drink is equivalent to the number of calories the body uses for its various functions, including metabolism, physical activity, and the thermic effect of food. When calorie intake equals calorie expenditure, the body is in a state of balance, which is crucial for maintaining weight.

If the body takes in more calories than it expends, it leads to a positive energy balance, which can result in weight gain over time. Conversely, a negative energy balance occurs when calorie expenditure exceeds calorie intake, leading to weight loss. Understanding this concept is vital for making informed dietary and lifestyle choices to manage body weight effectively.