What is the role of antioxidants in nutrition?

Antioxidants play a crucial role in nutrition by protecting the body from oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of free radicals—unstable atoms that can damage cells—and the body's ability to counteract their harmful effects with antioxidants. This damage can lead to various health issues, including chronic diseases such as heart disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals and minimize the damage caused by oxidative stress. Common antioxidants include vitamins C and E, selenium, and various phytochemicals found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. By consuming a diet rich in antioxidants, individuals can enhance their body's defense mechanism against cell damage, promote better overall health, and potentially reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

Other roles mentioned in the options, such as boosting energy levels, increasing muscle mass, and regulating blood sugar levels, are primarily associated with nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and certain hormones rather than antioxidants specifically. Therefore, the protective function of antioxidants stands out as their key role in nutrition.